It's just an axe, a tool for cutting wood. Why worry about keeping it rust-free? While the reasons for keeping any tool free of rust apply equally to an axe, there are some specific reasons.
Why Keep an Axe Rust-Free?
- Maintain the appearance of a new axe.
- A properly maintained tool generally performs better.
- Careful maintenance will extend the life of the tool.
- Some argue that rust increases feed force (a clean, lubricated head allows the axe to penetrate easier, so you don't have to work as hard).
- A lubricated head may reduce the buildup of pitch, sap, and gum, again reducing your workload.
What to Use to Prevent an Axe from Rusting
- Gun oil is a cleaner, lubricant, and rust-inhibitor all in one that remains effective in a wide range of temperatures. This is a favorite of many outdoorsmen for axes and outdoor tools.
- Light machine oils such as 3-in-One (regular) or WD-40 also penetrate, clean, and inhibit rust.
- Motor oil or gear oil will work fine and used oil is an old-time 'green' solution. A fairly light oil (WD5 or WD10) will be less apt to gum up in cold weather.
- Wax is popular with carpenters for tool care. There are commercial products for the purpose, but any paste wax such as Johnson's or even car wax will work. Waxes are popular in damp climates.
- Grease is often used, again in damp climates. Wipe off excess before use.
- A mix of linseed oil & beeswax is recommended by some sources.
Preparation: Remove Pitch, Dirt, and Loose Rust
A few minutes spent preparing the axe head for maintenance will pay off.
- Dry the head carefully with cloth or paper towel.
- Clean away pitch and sap with solvent such as turpentine, paint thinner, or varsol (take precautions against sparks, open flame, and inhalation).
- If necessary, remove surface rust with fine sandpaper or coarse steel wool (cutting oil or paste may be used with steel wool to help cut rust).
Application: Smooth on the Rust-Preventative
Apply the chosen rust-preventing substance:
- Fine steel wool is particularly effective with pastes and grease, and will further remove existing rust. Wipe off if desired and apply a second coat.
- A rag or cloth works well for oils. One coat is usually sufficient.
- WD-40 can be sprayed evenly over the entire head; rub in with a cloth, wipe off, re-spray.
- Finger tips (take care around the blade!) will work well for smearing on grease.
Finishing Up: Remove, Mask, Store
Here's how to finish up before storing the axe:
- It is not necessary to buff or polish a waxed head (but go ahead, make it shine!)
- Wipe off excess; dispose of rags properly.
- Mask the blade for safety.
- Store the axe in dry location where air can circulate freely.
"These steps will reduce your problem," notes Dave Wright at woodcentral.com, "but you cannot completely prevent rust formation. The tedious and anxious race to rub every last grain of rust from your tools will probably do more harm than good." He suggests that you "regard the occasional spot as graceful aging."
Useful Resources
An excellent axe manual, covering history, use, maintenance, and repair:
Weisgerber, Bernie, An Axe to Grind, USDA Forest Service, Publication 9923-2823-MTDC, 2003.
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